The prevalence of residual symptoms is about 35% in patients treated for COVID-19 on outpatient basis, but around 87% among cohorts of hospitalized patients. Patients also reported inability to do routine daily activities, in addition to mental health issues such as anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder.Īnother study found that COVID-19 patients discharged from hospital experience breathlessness and excessive fatigue even at 3 months.
#LONG CRYPTEXT SKIN#
Cough, skin rashes, palpitations, headache, diarrhea, and ‘pins and needles’ sensation were the other symptoms reported. The commonly reported problems were fatigue (53.1%), worsened quality of life (44.1%), dyspnoea (43.4%), joint pain, (27.3%) and chest pain (21.7%). Fever or features of acute illness was not seen in these patients. Of these 32% had one or two symptoms, where as 55% had three or more. Ī report from Italy found that 87% of people recovered and discharged from hospitals showed persistence of at least one symptom even at 60 days. Antibody level may decrease over time challenging the retrospective diagnosis of recent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Antibody response to infection also varies and about 20% does not seroconvert. Similarly, residual symptoms in those checked negative for COVID (false negative as testing may be done too early or too late in the disease course) may also add to diagnostic dilemma. Therefore, persistence of symptoms in those who had never checked for COVID is a challenge. The testing policy varies in different countries and it is a common practice during a pandemic to diagnose clinically based on symptoms without any confirmatory tests. If these individuals develop multiple symptoms subsequently, making a diagnosis of long COVID without a preceding evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection is challenging. A significant proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals are asymptomatic, and many individuals would not have undergone any test to confirm SARS-CoV-2 infection. The time taken for the clinical recovery varies depending upon the severity of illness while associated complications make it difficult to define the cut-off time for the diagnosis. There are several challenges in the diagnosis of long COVID. Thus, among people infected with SARS-CoV-2 the presence of one or more symptoms (continuous or relapsing and remitting new or same symptoms of acute COVID) even after the expected period of clinical recovery, irrespective of the underlying mechanism, is defined as post COVID syndrome or Long COVID. Depending upon the duration of symptoms, post COVID or Long COVID can be divided into two stages-post acute COVID where symptoms extend beyond 3 weeks, but less than 12 weeks, and chronic COVID where symptoms extend beyond 12 weeks. Majority of those with long COVID show biochemical and radiological recovery. In other words, post COVID syndrome is the time lag between the microbiological recovery and clinical recovery. Majority of people with post-COVID syndrome are PCR negative, indicating microbiological recovery. There can be the persistence of one or more symptoms of acute COVID, or appearance of new symptoms. It can be continuous or relapsing and remitting in nature. “Long COVID” is a term used to describe presence of various symptoms, even weeks or months after acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection irrespective of the viral status. The term long COVID was first used by Perego in social media to denote persistence of symptoms weeks or months after initial SARS-CoV-2 infection and the term ‘long haulers’ was used by Watson and by Yong, , ].
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